Patents

Pigments

Product families include: OVP, OVMP, SpectraFlair, SecureShift, OMNI, and ChromaFlair.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 10,618,340; 10,642,214; 10,899,930; 10,976,561; 11,214,689; 11,230,127; 11,241,901; 11,493,672; 11,504,990; 11,650,473; 11,655,374; 11,680,175; 11,740,532; 11,754,848; 11,768,321; 11,945,972; 11,945,255; 12,044,859; 12,045,001; 12,050,390; 12,064,987; 12,083,813; 12,091,557; 12,103,32; 12,138,655; 12,152,152; 12,164,128. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Anti-counterfeiting

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 10,618,340; 10,642,214; 10,899,930; 11,214,689; 11,230,127; 11,241,901; 11,427,026; 11,441,041; 11,504,990; 11,554,603; 11,680,175; 11,768,321; 11,945,972; 11,945,255; 12,045,001; 12,064,987; 12,083,813; 12,103,327; 12,138,655; 12,152,152. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Custom Color Solutions

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 11,214,689; 11,230,127; 11,530,951; 11,740,532; 11,754,84811; 945,972; 11,945,255; 12,044,859; 12,050,390; 12,064,987; 12,091,557; 12,164,128 . Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

MicroNIR Spectrometers

Product families include: MicroNIR 1700ES, MicroNIR OnSite-W, MicroNIR PAT-L, MicroNIR PAT-Lx, MicroNIR PAT-U, MicroNIR PAT-Ux, MicroNIR PAT-W, MicroNIR PAT-Wx, and MicroNIR Tablet Probe.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 9,234,839; 10,962,694; 11,000,198; 11,134,851; 11,143,803; 11,237,051; 11,245,877; 11,287,317; 11,331,017; 11,333,811; 11,340,111; 11,378,452; 11,442,004; 11,555,810; 11,561,166; 11,656,174; 11,656,175; 11,674,846; 11,680,893; 11,698,478; 11,714,003; 11,719,628; 11,775,616; 11,858,288; 11,920,980; 12,044,570; 12,044,871; 12,050,129; 12,078,541; 12,099,003; 12,111,211; 12,135,239; 12,174,110. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Spectral Sensing Products

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 9,234,839; 10,962,694; 11,000,198; 11,134,851; 11,143,803; 11,237,049; 11,237,051; 11,237,053; 11,245,877; 11,287,317; 11,331,017; 11,333,811; 11,340,111; 11,366,011, 11,378,452; 11,408,767; 11,445,927; 11,450,698; 11,530,951; 11,536,650; 11,547,310; 11,555,810; 11,561,166; 11,562,053; 11,604,129; 11,624,656; 11,656,174; 11,656,175; 11,670,658; 11,674,846; 11,680,893; 11,686,619; 11,698,478; 11,709,300; 11,714,002; 11,714,003; 11,719,628; 11,740,131; 11,775,616; 11,858,288; 11,920,980; 12,044,570; 12,044,871; 12,050,129; 12,055,481; 12,072,516; 12,078,541; 12,085,444; 12,092,522; 12,092,572; 12,099,003; 12,111,211; 12,135,239; 12,131,816; 12,174,110. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Custom Optical Filters

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent; 11,131,018; 11,156,753; 11,215,741; 11,237,049; 11,237,053; 11,245,877; 11,340,111; 11,340,391; 11,360,242; 11,366,011; 11,445,927; 11,450,698; 11,486,042; 11,493,672; 11,493,676; 11,530,951; 11,536,650; 11,542,596; 11,562,053; 11,567,251; 11,584,982; 11,624,656; 11,650,361; 11,692,263; 11,693,164; 11,698,441; 11,709,300; 11,714,002; 11,733,442; 11,740,131; 11,782,199; 11,828,963; 12,044,871; 12,055,739; 12,078,830; 12,097,039; 12,170,300; 12,174,342. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Custom Optical Coatings

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent; 12,174,342. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Light Shaping Optics

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents; 11,327,205; 11,442,282; 12,014,528; 12,092,836; 12,163,658 . Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Observer Products in the Network Performance Management Product Family

Product families include: Observer Analyzer, Observer Apex, Observer GigaFlow, Observer GigaStor, Observer Management Server (OMS), and ObserverONE.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 8,204,958; 11,477,095; 11,616,707; 11,770,463; 11,968,286; 12,113,691. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

T-BERD/MTS-8000

T-BERD/MTS-8000 products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 11,005,563; 11,520,055; 11,695,475; 11,774,601. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Multi-fiber MPO Switch Module for T-BERD/MTS-4000 Platform

Multi-fiber MPO Switch Modules are protected by at least U.S. Patents 11,243,361; 11,867,953. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

CWDM OTDR Module

Product families include: 4100-Series OTDR Modules for T-BERD/MTS-2000/4000/5800 and 8100-Series OTDR Modules for T-BERD 6000/8000 platforms.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,234,880; 7,769,297; 7,477,521; and 8,310,383; 10,101,240; 11,125,647; 11,515,938; 11,703,397; 11,768,127; 10,598,566; 10,976,218; 11,650,127; 11,923,894; 11,942,986. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

DTS and DTSS Fiber Optic Sensing Products

Product families include: DTSS B-OTDR for T-BERD/MTS-8000 Platform.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 9,983,094; 10,073,006; 10,181,900; 10,775,246; 11,125,647; 11,255,734; 11,280,687; 11,408,801; 11,422,060; 11,431,408; 11,703,397; 11,703,398; 11,768,127; 11,811,449; 11,811,450; 10,598,566, 10,976,218; 11,650,127; 11,860,041; 12,028,107; 12,066,308. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Fiber Inspection and Cleaning Products

Product families include: FiberChek Probe Microscope, FiberChek Sidewinder, and CleanBlastPRO.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 10,571,676; 10,825,163; 11,086,080; 11,231,571; 11,237,356; 11,257,202; 11,489,989; 11,585,985; 11,596,983; 11,849,202; 12,072,551; 12,164,096. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

FVAm Series Benchtop Microscopes

FVAm Series Benchtop Microscopes are protected by at least U.S. Patents 11,391,933; 11,828,926; 11,899,193; 11,927,811. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

SmartClass Fiber Handheld Solutions

Product families include: SmartClass 4800, SmartClass Fiber MPOLx - MPO Optical Loss Test Sets, SmartClass Fiber OLP-82/-82P Inspection-Ready Optical Power Meters, SmartClass Fiber OLP-85/-85P Inspection-Ready Optical Power Meters, SmartClass Fiber OLP-87 PON Power Meter, SmartClass Fiber OLP-88 TruePON Tester, SmartClass Fiber OLS-85 Inspection-Ready Optical Light Sources, SmartClass Fiber OLTS-85/-85P Optical Loss Test Sets, SmartClass Fiber ORL-85 Inspection-Ready Optical Return Loss Meters, SmartClass OCC-55/-56 Optical Channel Checkers, and SmartClass OLA-54/-55/-55M Optical Level Attenuators, SmartClass TPS.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 9,553,666; 9,525,542; 9,762,380; 9,379,813; 9,577,749; 9,673,897; 9,979,470, 10,508,972; 10,382,126; 11,309,960; 11,424,825; 11,720,765; 11,860,058. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

SmartOTDR Handheld Fiber Tester

SmartOTDR Handheld Fiber Tester is protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,234,880; 7,769,297; 7,477,521; 8,310,383; 10,101,240; 11,408,801; 11,431,408; 11,811,449; 11,811,450; 10,598,566, 10,976,218; 11,650,127; 11,838,049; 11,646,789; 12,028,107. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

FiberComplete PRO

FiberComplete PRO is protected by at least U.S. Patent 10,914,655. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

OptiPulse Software

OptiPlus Software is protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,576,389 and 9,170,173, Chinese Patent 102986150 B, and Canadian Patent 2 800 361, all assigned to EXFO Inc. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Remote Fiber Test System (RFTS) or Remote Fiber Test and Monitoring System

Product families include: ONMSi, SmartOTU, OUT-5000, OUT-8000, and iOTDR Cards.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 11,215,528; 11,228,365; 11,271,642; 11,408,801; 11,431,408; 11,711,142; 11,742,941; 11,811,449; 11,811,450; 10,996,138; 11,808,659; 10,598,566, 10,976,218; 11,650,127; 11,668,878; 11,808,660; 12,088,336; 12,149,281. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Optical Network Tester (ONT) test modules in ONT Product Family

Product families include: ONT 400G CFP8 Module, ONT 800G ETHERNET Module, ONT 800G FLEX XPM Module, ONT FlexE Software, ONT Multiport Test Module, ONT N-PORT Module, ONT OTUCn and FlexO, ONT Test Solutions for 25GE up to 100GE / OTU4, and ONT-800 Optical Network Testers.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,477,521; 8,908,264; 8,761,027; 9,229,831; 9,413,497; 9,945,906; 10,164,808; 10,495,683; 10,574,434; 10,938,513; 10,956,124; 11,121,950; 11,687,320. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Integrated Multi-Wavelength Wavemeter and High-Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) in Multiple Application Platform (MAP) Product Family

Product families include: MAP Multi-wavelength Meter and Hi-Resolution OSA Spectral Measurement Modules (mHROSA/mWAVE); MAP Wideband Optical Spectrum Analyzer (mOSA-C1).

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,548,016; 8,879,054; 9,541,449; 9,755,758;10,095,055, 10,218,436; 11,326,982; 11,353,393; 11,467,059; 11,125,617; 11,614,360; 11,821,791; 11,828,648; 11,639,873; 12,007,631; 12,174,066. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

MAP Swept Wavelength System (SWS) in Multiple Application Platform (MAP) Product Family

Product families include: MAP Swept Wavelength System (mSWS).

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 12,038,346. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

MAP Polarization Control Module (mPCX) in Multiple Application Platform (MAP) Product Family

Product families include: MAP Polarization Control Module (mPCX).

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 11,526,035; 11,754,862; 12,007,631. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Optical Switch Solutions in Multiple Application Platform (MAP) Product Family

Product families include: MAP Optical Switch Modules (mOSW/mISW). These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 11,668,878.

Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Xgig Product Family

Product families include: Xgig 1000 16 G Fiber Channel and 10 G and 40 G Ethernet Portable Analysis and Test Platform, Xgig 1000 24 Gbps SAS Solution, Xgig 1000 32/128 G FC & 25/50/100 GE Analyzer, Xgig 4K16 PCI Express 4.0 Protocol Analyzer/Jammer, Xgig 4k4 Analyzer Platform for PCI Express 4.0, Xgig 5P16 Analyzer/Exerciser/Jammer Platform for PCI Express 5.0, Xgig 5P8 Analyzer/Jammer Platform for PCI Express 5.0, Xgig 6G SAS/SATA Analyzer, Xgig Exerciser for PCI Express 5.0, Xgig Exerciser Host Test Stand for PCI Express 5.0, Xgig Expert, Xgig Jammer, Xgig M.2, Xgig U.2B-Server, various Xgig interposers for PCI Express.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,599,293; 7,613,837; 7,788,365; 7,860,965; 7,343,524; 7,352,706; 7,441,154; 7,805,514; 7,804,852; 7,844,690; 7,827,248; 7,535,851; 7,564,798; 7,222,313; 7,603,444; 7,936,688; 7,542,681; 7,492,061; 7,664,041; 7,179,096; 7,593,345; 7,602,772; 7,610,516; 7,899,057; 8,005,886; 7,625,250; 7,809,476; 7,809,960; 7,630,385; 7,710,892; 7,764,695; 7,739,552; 7,859,856; 8,127,190; 7,778,207; 7,787,400; 7,860,033; 7,860,034; 7,907,532; 8,259,587; 7,683,775; 7,778,188; 7,673,184; 7,817,555; 8,050,181; 8,125,906; 8,339,955; 8,576,731; 8,769,152; 8,005,133; 8,130,826; 7,986,884; 8,213,333; 7,835,300; 8,102,777; 8,607,145; 7,958,403; 8,144,602; 9,471,757; 11,245,609; 11,695,678; 11,665,262; 12,137,155. Additional products may be covered by the patents. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere. and elsewhere.

DSAM Digital Services Activation Meter

DSAM Digital Services Activation Meters are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,589,535; 7,792,183; 7,873,322; 8,274,401; 7,944,848; 8,184,684; 8,311,086; 8,189,651; 8,345,737; 8,312,496; 8,327,409; 8,352,842; 8,243,780; 8,310,940; 8,732,604; 9,450,686; 8,762,088; 8,649,421; 9,621,883; 9,357,163; 9,379,829; 9,660,742; 10,148,371. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

MTS-4000 Multiple Services Test Platform

Product families include: MTS-4000 V2 Optical Test Platform, T-BERD/MTS-4000 V2 Optical Test Platform. These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,234,880; 7,769,297; 7,477,521; 8,310,383;10,101,240.

Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

MTS-6000A (V2) Fiber Characterization Mini-Platform

Product families include: MTS-6000A Compact Network Test Platform, Multi Services Application Module (MSAM) for T-BERD/MTS-6000A/8000 Platform, and T-BERD/MTS-6000A Compact Network Test Platform, and CSAM for T-BERD/MTS-6000A/8000 Platform. These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,234,880; 7,769,297; 7,477,521; 8,310,383; 10,101,240.

Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Optical Power Meters for SmartClass and SmartPocket Product Families

Product families include: SmartClass Fiber OLP-82/-82P Inspection-Ready Optical Power Meters, SmartClass Fiber OLP-85/-85P Inspection-Ready Optical Power Meters, SmartClass Fiber OLP-87 PON Power Meter, SmartPocket V2 OLP-35V2/-35SC/-38V2 Broadband Power Meters, and SmartPocket V2 OLP-37XV2 Selective PON Power Meter.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 9,541,449; 10,382,126. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSA) for T-BERD and Smartclass Platforms

Product family includes: 4100-Series Nano OSA Modules for T-BERD/MTS-2000, -4000 V2, -5800; Compact OSA-110-Series for T-BERD/MTS-6000A, -8000 Platforms; high performance OSA-500 Series for T-BERD/MTS-8000 platforms; high resolution OSA-610 for T-BERD/MTS-6000A, -8000 Platforms; in-service Pol-Mux OSCA-710 for T- BERD/MTS-8000 platforms.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,756,369; 8,294,896; 8,693,512; 8,976,826; 9,142,937; 9,042,724; 9,553,666; 10,812,183; 11,118,944; 11,621,775; 11,644,346. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Seeker Leakage Detectors Product Family

Product families include: Seeker & MCA III, Seeker D & MCA III, Seeker D Lite, Seeker HL, Seeker X, and Law-X. These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 9,021,539; 9,106,886; 9,160,407; and 9,667,956; 10,110,888; 10,116,930; 10,728,539; 10,771,777; 10,715,213; 10,187,112; 11,140,016; 11,456,773; 11,469,502; 11,528,177; 11,611,740; 11,212,517; 11,856,182; 11,085,973; 11,650,266; 11,777,557; 11,901,965; 12,034,619; 12,040,559; 12,160,558. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

VSE-1100

VSE-1100 products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 8,879,669. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

OneExpert CATV Modular Field Test Platform

Product families include: OneExpert CATV and OneExpert DSP.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,963,689; 8,223,663; 8,345,737; 8,558,552; 10,079,830, 10,321,169; 10,536,576; 10,848,714; 10,071,213; 10,924,799; 11,153,650; 11,121,807; 11,140,016; 11,218,189; 11,239,924; 11,327,103; 11,509,954; 11,528,177; 11,575,468; 10,728,595; 11,595,710; 11,601,717; 11,677,439; 11,085,973; 11,650,266; 10,615,894; 11,626,935; 11,621,884; 11,665,396; 11,991,414. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

OneExpert DSL Modular Field Test Platform

Product families include: OneExpert DSL Modular Field Test Platform for G.fast, xDSL, Copper, FTTH and WiFi.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,917,818 7,626,399; 10,142,043; 11,516,107; 11,876,698; 11,943,130; 12,040,847. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

PathTrak Return Path Monitoring System

PathTrak Return Path Monitoring System and XPERTrak System products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,548,760; 8,427,974; 10,958,485; 9,450,686; 9,036,687; 9,357,163; 9,634,722; 9,893,764; 10,027,955; 10,063,454; 11,456,899; 10,728,595; 11,595,710; 11,956,575. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

NSC-100

Product families include Network and Service Companion-100/200. These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 11,101,887; 11,470,408; 11,516,107; 11,588,561; 11,664,892; 11,876,698; 11,910,136; 11,943,130; 12,009,871; 12,149,283. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Nitro Geo Product Family

Product families include: GEOanalytics, GEOinsights, GEOoptimize, and GEOperformance.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,374,596; 8,457,684; 8,626,176; 8,805,321; 8,811,205; 8,838,092; 8,874,133; 8,903,428; 8,996,558; 9,020,525; 9,078,228; 9,094,537; 9,197,758; 9,213,079; 9,250,311; 9,282,197; 9,307,465; 9,351,126; 9,351,172; 9,392,471; 9,392,476; 9,439,085; 9,439,162; 9,456,362; 9,462,482; 9,479,944; 9,510,209; 9,521,541; 9,544,732; 9,584,966; 9,622,124; 9,635,505; 9,654,935; 9,668,172; 9,730,086; 9,749,806; 9,767,105; 9,769,673; 9,820,175; 9,930,545; 9,918,239; 9,907,048; 9,900,784; 9,888,344; 10,206,158; 10,142,888; 10,117,142; 10,057,725; 10,050,844; 10,038,978; 10,028,274; 10,003,981; 11,726,495; 11,742,963. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Nitro Platform

Nitro Platform is protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,609,706; 7,313,108; 7,609,826; 7,266,131; 8,219,075; 9,565,073; 9,942,115; 10,044,586; 10,164,842; 10,965,654; 11,271,606; 11,271,823; 11,018,967; 11,374,837; 11,799,838; 11,985,053. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Antenna Alignment Products

The product family includes 3Z RF Vision. 3Z RF Vision is protected by at least U.S. Patent 11,862,839; 12,068,522; 12,176,597; 12,155,433. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Capacity Advisor Products

Capacity Advisor products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 9,686,702; 10,859,629; 11,506,713. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART)

Product families include: SART for CDMA2000 RAN (J7842A), SART for GSM GERAN (J7841A), SART for IMS (J7844A), SART for LTE Including NB-IoT (J7880A), SART for SS7 (J7840A), and SART for UMTS UTRAN (J7843A).

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 7,710,891; 7,266,131. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

TM500 and TeraVM Product Families

TM500 Product family

TM500 products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 8,552,773; 9,019,809; 9,288,131; 10,951,329; 11,085,959; 11,088,770; 11,451,330; 11,469,830; 11,689,300; 11,909,521; 12,040,874. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

TeraVM Product Family

TeraVM products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 9,703,660; 10,229,039; 10,362,122; 10,547,696; 11,950,122. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Radio Altimeter Test Products

Radio Altimeter Test Products include ALT-9000 and ALT-8000 and are protected by at least U.S. Patent 12,181,571. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Radio Test Product Family

Radio Test product families include CellAdvisor 4G, CellAdvisor 5G, and OneAdvisor-800 platforms.

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 10,892,922; 10,470,070; 11,323,176; 11,516,759; 11,601,829; 11,758,570; 11,784,712; 11,811,465; 11,626,882; 11,864,134; 11,870,451; 11,871,366; 11,950,118; 12,010,717; 12,095,519; 12,185,129. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

CX300 ComXpert Communications Service Monitor

These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 12,047,066. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Modular AXIs Product Family

Product families include: mA-3011 Embedded Host Processor and the mA-6806 Vector Signal Transceiver. These products are protected by at least U.S. Patent 11,329,664. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Software Communications Architecture ("SCA") Development Environments 

SCA Development Environments include Raptor, eCo Suite, SCA Architect, and SCARI Suite. These products are protected by at least U.S. Patents 11,327,872, 11; 408,992. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Position, Navigation and Timing Products

Position, Navigation and Timing Products include PNT-6200 and Timing Expansion Module (“TEM V2”) for ONT-800 and MTS-5800. PNT-6200 is protected by at least U.S. Patents 10,809,384; 11,194,055; 11,598,884; 11,988,756. TEM V2 is protected by at least U.S. Patent 12,130,368. Additional patents and patent applications may be pending in the U.S. and elsewhere.