O-RU 是解耦的 O-RAN 网元之一，设计用于执行底层物理层和射频功能。它通过所谓的标准化 O-RAN 前传接口与 O-RAN 分布式单元 (O-DU) 连接。O-RU 实时执行操作，处理高采样率 IQ 数据。它的平稳运行对整个系统的性能至关重要。
O-RU 测试挑战
验证仿真 O-DU 和 O-RU 之间的时钟同步。这一点很重要，因为时序可确保管理、控制和用户平面的所有方面同步，并消除延迟或丢失/丢弃数据包的风险。
确保 O-DU 与不同供应商 O-RU 的互操作，这些供应商都应根据 O-RAN 标准进行操作。这听起来很容易，也是 Open-RAN 架构的关键目标之一，但在实践中，它会带来挑战。不同的供应商 O-RU 可能具有不同的延迟分布、不同的软件实现和不同的性能，这意味着它们可能不能正确地即插即用和操作。
在两个不同供应商之间，延迟、最大吞吐量和某些功能（如波束成形）的处理可能不会产生相同的性能。由于 O-RAN 标准具有灵活性，测试必须解决使用不同供应商组合的复杂性，同时期望一致的结果。
一致性测试是至关重要的，但是当在 O-RU 集成到网络中之前或之后实现 3GPP 功能时，它不能确保 O-RU 能够提供预期的性能。
O-RAN 提供了灵活性。这也意味着，由于混合了来自不同供应商的 O-RAN 组件，测试的复杂性可能会增加。
简化 O-RU 的评估
TM500 O-RU 测试仪超越了一致性规范，简化了 O-RU 的评估，提高了客户的生产率，同时提供了先进的测试方法，从端到端的角度降低了 O-RU 性能不佳的风险。
测试过程
通过遵循 VIAVI 测试过程和概述的测试进展，您可以加快产品上市时间。
- 减少或消除测试中与其他 O-RAN 网络组件、性能和效率集成时的潜在问题。
- 避免 O-RU 的性能受到限制。例如：在不同的子载波间隔、带宽和载波聚合场景下实现最大吞吐量。
- 确保不仅 O-RAN 前端语义和语法有效，而且 3GPP 用户面数据可以在任何形式的端到端测试之前成功解码，由于 O-RAN 供应商的多样性，这些问题更难诊断。
O-RU 一致性、互操作性和性能
与 Rohde & Schwarz合作
TM500 O-RU 测试仪设计有两种通用的测试设置模式，以满足各种测试要求和预算限制。这两种设置都为 IQ 数据流提供了 Open RAN C/用户面消息的实时生成、测试各种频率和带宽的灵活性以及允许用户轻松配置和修改测试参数的可定制性。
带有 VSA/VSG 测试设置的 TM500 O-RU 测试仪
- 使用案例：主要用于一致性和认证测试。确保 O-RU 满足严格的一致性和认证要求，有助于无缝集成到更广泛的网络部署中。
- 高精度：利用独立的矢量信号分析仪 (VSA) 和矢量信号发生器 (VSG) 进行广泛的信号分析和生成，非常适合详细的性能评估。
- 灵活性：提供测试各种频率和带宽的能力，支持各种 O-RU 配置和符合性测试需求。
- 可定制性：适应各种测试场景，允许用户根据特定网络需求配置和修改测试参数。
带有 PVT360A 测试设置的 TM500 O-RU 测试仪
- 使用案例：专为早期开发阶段而设计，在早期开发阶段，许多工程师需要并行工作，执行功能和系统级测试。通过对多个参数进行全面测试，加快研发流程，确保从头开始进行稳健的开发。
- 集成解决方案：整合了 PVT360A，这是一种紧凑的单盒 VSA/VSG 仪器，可提高测试效率并降低操作复杂性。
- 高吞吐量：专为快速测试而设计，能够同时进行多端口测试，大大减少测试时间。
- 可扩展性：提供可扩展的选项，从基本的单发生器设置到带有多个发生器和分析仪的高级配置。
为什么选择 VIAVI 和 R&S：
- 为可扩展性而设计的解决方案
- 简化的单一控制点简化了使用
- 通过 VIAVI 提供单一支持所有权售后服务
- 兼容 TM500 进行性能测试
- 利用 VIAVI RANtoCore 的市场优势，植根于行业领先的 TM500
- 利用 R&S 顶级射频能力和市场领导地位
直接性能测试 (DPT)
除了一致性测试，我们的方法还超越了 O-RAN 标准，在 3GPP 级别进行测试。我们称之为直接性能测试 (DPT)，其中 O-RU 通过 3GPP 堆栈上的仿真 O-DU 进行测试。这种方法有许多优点，有助于在端到端测试之前更顺利地与真正的 O-DU 集成。
直接性能测试 (DPT) 的优势
- 在端到端测试之前实现每个 O-RAN 网络元件的最佳性能。
- 通过消除端到端测试可能隐藏的问题，在与 O-DU 和端到端性能测试集成之前提高效率。
- 减少供应商组件之间的相互指责。
- 提高供应商网络组件的声誉，因为 O-RU 一致性测试本身并不能确保与 3GPP 5G 堆栈的兼容性。
端到端测试
O-RU、O-DU 和 O-CU 与真实或仿真核心网络一起测试，以实现所有网络组件的最佳性能。这种类型的测试通常由系统集成商或 OTIC 实验室进行。
容量测试
容量测试包括扩展运营商的用户设备 (UE) 装置的数量，以模拟真实部署。这种真实的测试确保了在各种移动性和衰落条件下每个用户的最佳服务质量 (QoS)。
为什么选择 TM500 O-RU 测试仪
- 简化整个测试生命周期中 O-RU 的测试。
- 通过在开发早期解决问题，加快上市时间。
- 与行业标准的 TM500 和 TeraVM 核心仿真器无缝协作。
- 重复使用 TM500 的衍生产品及其软件，降低集成风险，提供质量和稳定性，并确保互操作性和性能测试。
- 为运行、配置和提高工作效率提供单点控制。
- 利用成熟可靠的 O-RAN CUSM 接口，在保持最佳性能的同时，与不同厂商的 O-RU 实现更顺畅的互操作。
- 使用 TM500 软件确保一致且可重复的 O-RAN 测试和结果。
Developing and Validating Open RAN
Ensuring Optimum Performance and Interoperability of your O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU)
Open Fronthaul O-RU Conformance Testing
Watch the Casa Systems Apex 5G Evo Radio being validated using the VIAVI and R&S O-RU Test Solution
Test Journey
By following the VIAVI Test Journey and the outlined test progression, you can speed up your product's time to market.
- Reduce or remove potential issues when integrating with other O-RAN network components, performance and efficiency in testing.
- Avoid limitations in the performance of the O-RU. For example: achieving maximum throughput under different sub-carrier spacings, bandwidths and carrier aggregation scenarios.
- Ensure that not only the O-RAN fronthaul semantics and syntax work, but 3GPP U-plane data can successfully be decoded before any form of E2E testing where issues are more difficult to diagnose due to the O-RAN vendor diversity.
O-RU conformance, interoperability, and performance
In partnership with Rohde & Schwarz
The TM500 O-RU Tester is designed with two versatile test setup modes to cater to a variety of testing requirements and budget constraints. Both setups offer real-time generation of the Open RAN C/U-plane messaging for the IQ data stream; flexibility to test a wide range of frequencies and bandwidths; and customizability to allow users to easily configure and modify test parameters.
TM500 O-RU Tester with VSA/VSG Test Setup
- Use Case: Primarily used for conformance and certification testing. Ensures that the O-RU meets rigorous conformance and certification requirements, facilitating seamless integration into broader network deployments.
- High Precision: Utilizes a standalone Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA) and Vector Signal Generator (VSG) for broad capability signal analysis and generation, ideal for detailed performance assessment.
- Flexibility: Offers the ability to test a wide range of frequencies and bandwidths, supporting diverse O-RU configurations and compliance testing needs.
- Customizability: Adaptable to a variety of test scenarios, allowing users to configure and modify test parameters according to specific network demands.
TM500 O-RU Tester with PVT360A Test Setup
- Use Case: Designed for early-stage development where numerous engineers need to work in parallel, performing functional and system-level testing. Accelerates the R&D process by enabling comprehensive testing across multiple parameters, ensuring robust development from the ground up.
- Integrated Solution: Incorporates the PVT360A, a compact, single-box VSA/VSG instrument that enhances test efficiency and reduces operational complexity.
- High Throughput: Designed for rapid testing with capabilities for simultaneous multi-port testing, reducing test times significantly.
- Scalability: Offers scalable options from basic single-generator setups to advanced configurations with multiple generators and analysers.
Why VIAVI and R&S:
- Solution designed for scalability
- Streamlined single control point for simplified usage
- Singular support ownership post-sales through VIAVI
- Compatible with TM500 for performance testing
- Leverage VIAVI RANtoCore market dominance, rooted in the industry-leading TM500
- Use R&S top-tier RF capabilities and market leadership
Direct Performance Testing (DPT)
In addition to conformance testing, our approach goes beyond O-RAN standards to test at the 3GPP level. We call this Direct Performance Testing (DPT), where the O-RU is tested with an emulated O-DU over the 3GPP stack. This method offers numerous advantages, facilitating a much smoother integration with a real O-DU before E2E testing.
Benefits of Direct Performance Testing (DPT)
- Achieve optimal performance for each O-RAN network element before E2E testing.
- Improve efficiency before integration with O-DU and E2E performance testing by eliminating issues that E2E testing might conceal.
- Reduce the blame game between vendors' components.
- Enhance the reputation of vendor network components, as O-RU conformance testing alone does not ensure compatibility with the 3GPP 5G stack.
End-to-End Testing
O-RUs, O-DUs, and O-CUs are tested alongside a real or emulated core network to achieve optimal performance across all network components. This type of testing is typically conducted by a System Integrator or an OTIC laboratory.
Watch a demonstration of end-to-end testing here:
Capacity Testing
Capacity testing involves scaling the number of User Equipment (UE) devices with carriers to emulate a real deployment. This realistic test ensures the best Quality of Service (QoS) for each user under various mobility and fading conditions.
O-RAN Alliance - Virtual Exhibition
Why the TM500 O-RU Tester
- Simplifies the testing of O-RUs throughout the entire test lifecycle.
- Accelerates time to market by resolving issues earlier in development.
- Works seamlessly with the industry-standard TM500 and TeraVM Core Emulator.
- Reuses a derivative of the TM500 and its software, reducing integration risks, providing quality and stability, and ensuring interoperability and performance testing.
- Offers a single point of control for running, configuring, and enhancing productivity.
- Utilizes a mature and proven O-RAN CUSM interface for smoother interoperation with different vendor O-RUs while maintaining peak performance.
- Ensures consistent and repeatable O-RAN tests and results with TM500 software.
主要特性
- NETCONF 客户端支持启动并获取/编辑被测 O-RU 中 M 平面属性的配置
- O-RAN C/用户面功能，通过底层的分离式 7-2x 接口交换 I/Q 数据
- 实时 C/用户面 eCPRI 数据包生成
- 用于 OFH 流量分析的嵌入式协议分析仪
- 以太网上 eCPRI 的 C/用户面消息支持
- PTP/SyncE Grandmaster + PTP 客户端，用于与外部 PTP 主机同步
- OFH 接口连通性监控
- 广泛的同步拓扑
- 刺激波形生成的多种选择
应用
- 一致性测试
- 直接性能测试
- 端到端测试
- 容量测试
- O-RAN 前传测试
- 5G 物理层测试
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Repair and Calibration
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Top 4 Reasons to Choose VIAVI for Your Repair and Calibration Needs:
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- Budget
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- Measurement Compliance, TL9000 certification and OEM Standards
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VIAVI Automated Lab-as-a-Service for Open RAN (VALOR) is a hybrid Lab-as-a-Service and Test-as-a-Service lab based on VIAVI’s industry leading NITRO® Wireless test portfolio. This solution is designed to manage and support 5G and Open RAN projects that would benefit from access to tools and expert staff with a minimal ramp-up time.
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